epidemiology
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
Definition
Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones
Epidemiology
Extremely rare
- 1% of all osteosarcomas
- 25% of surface osteosarcomas
Age 15-25
Location
Typically anterior proximal tibia
- diaphysis of major long bones
- humerus
Pathology
Background
Epidemiology
National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (2021) Facts and figures at a glance
- road traffic accident 40%
- falls 30%
- sports 10%
Chen et al Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016
- 80% male
- cervical (60%), thoracic (30%), lumbar (10%)
Pectoralis Major Tears
Epidemiology
Middle age men
Steroids / Growth Hormone
Aetiology
Usually occurs in gym
Bench Press
Clinical
Significant bruising in the acute phase
In chronic setting, ask patient to adduct against hip / resistance
Hoffa fracture
Definition
Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle
- intra-articular
- often only attachment is posterior capsule
Epidemiology
Rare
Mechanism
Usually a severe valgus trauma
Xray
Thigh Pain Uncemented Femur
Epidemiology
Ranges
- up to 4%
Clinical
Focal pain
- typically anterolateral thigh
- often tender
- corresponds to tip of stem
Aetiology
1. Instability
Types
- early
- late / failed bony ingrowth
Cause
- micromotion at distal stem
Background
Definition
Palmar Fibromatosis
Aetiology
AD with variable penetration
Pathogenesis
Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis
1. Microvascular ischaemia
Paget's Disease
Definition
Chronic, non metabolic bone disorder
Characterised by increased bone resorption, bone formation and remodelling
Epidemiology
Rare < 40
1 – 3 % population over 60
M > F
Aetiology
Unknown
Paramyxovirus implicated
- measles
- RSV
- canine distemper virus
Electron Microscope
Osteoporosis
Epidemiology
1/3 caucasian women > 64
Risk Factors
Insufficient bone mass at time of skeletal maturity
- peak bone mass is achieved at age 25
Rapid loss of bone after menopause
Low body weight / weight loss / history of smoking / steroids
Primary
Type 1
- postmenopausal
- high turnover / osteoclast mediated
- F x 6