epidemiology

Periosteal Osteosarcoma

 

Definition

 

Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones

 

Epidemiology

 

Extremely rare

- 1% of all osteosarcomas

- 25% of surface osteosarcomas

 

Age 15-25

 

Location

 

Typically anterior proximal tibia

- diaphysis of major long bones

- humerus

 

Pathology

 

Hoffa fracture

Definition

Hoffa Fracture Xray

 

Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle

- intra-articular

- often only attachment is posterior capsule

 

Epidemiology

 

Rare

 

Mechanism

 

Usually a severe valgus trauma

 

Xray

 

Background

Definition Dupuytrens

 

Palmar Fibromatosis 

 

Aetiology

 

AD with variable penetration

 

Pathogenesis

 

Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis

 

1. Microvascular ischaemia

 

Paget's Disease

Definition

 

Chronic, non metabolic bone disorder

Characterised by increased bone resorption, bone formation and remodelling

 

Epidemiology

 

Rare < 40

1 – 3 % population over 60

M > F

 

Aetiology

 

Unknown

 

Paramyxovirus implicated

- measles

- RSV

- canine distemper virus

 

Electron Microscope

Osteoporosis

Epidemiology

 

1/3 caucasian women > 64

 

Risk Factors

 

Insufficient bone mass at time of skeletal maturity

- peak bone mass is achieved at age 25

 

Rapid loss of bone after menopause

 

Low body weight / weight loss / history of smoking / steroids

 

Primary

 

Type 1

- postmenopausal

- high turnover / osteoclast mediated

- F x 6