epidemiology

Definition

Palmar Fibromatosis 

Aetiology

AD with variable penetration

Pathogenesis

Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis

1. Microvascular ischaemia

Definition

Chronic, non metabolic bone disorder

Characterised by increased bone resorption, bone formation and remodelling

Epidemiology

Rare < 40

1 – 3 % population over 60

M > F

Aetiology

Unknown

Paramyxovirus implicated

- measles

- RSV

- canine distemper virus

Electron Microscope

Epidemiology

1/3 caucasian women > 64

Risk Factors

Insufficient bone mass at time of skeletal maturity

- peak bone mass is achieved at age 25

Rapid loss of bone after menopause

Low body weight / weight loss / history of smoking / steroids

Primary

Type 1

- postmenopausal

- high turnover / osteoclast mediated

- F x 6

Epidemiology

Adolescent apophyseal avulsion

- treat non operatively

- unless displaced > 2 cm

Adult

- soft tissue avulsion

Aetiology

Usually associated with sporting activities

- skiing

- water skiing

Violent contraction

- knee extended

- hip flexing

Anatomy

Epidemiology

Usually young patients

- 15 - 40

15% compound

Aetiology

High velocity injury

- MBA

- MVA

- pedestrian v car

- fall from height

Emergency Managment

EMST principles

- need for transfusion not uncommon

Definition

Pathological bone formation in soft tissues

Epidemiology

In elbow

- 3% of trauma

- 89% if head injury + trauma

Types

Completely different

1.  Myosisitis Ossificans Circumscripta

- post traumatic

- more common

- recognised as a consequence of neurological injury

Definition

Non-traumatic or traumatic condition of femoral head with bone death

Epidemiology

20 - 50 yo (average 38)

- M: F 4:1

NHx  

70-80% with AVN will progress within 1 year

Epidemiology

Second most common  hindfoot after calcaneal fractures

Aetiology

Aviators Astragalus

Fall from height

- hyper-dorsiflexion injury

- neck of talus strikes the anterior tibia

Anatomy

More than half surface covered by articular cartilage

- medial articular wall straight

- lateral articular wall curves posteriorly

Posterior Ankle Impingement

Epidemiology

Repetitive plantar flexion

- soccer players, ballet dancers

Cause

Os trigonum

FHL stenosing tenosynovitis

Soft tissue mass

Os Trigonum

Secondary centre of ossification of talus

- lateral to groove for FHL

- 2-7% of normal feet

- impinges against plafond with forced PF

Definition

Fibrous proliferative lesion in plantar fascia

Epidemiology

Male, white, middle age

May arise in isolation

Association Dupuytren's Diathesis

- aka Lederhosen disease

Pathology

Proliferative Fibroblastic lesion

- May resemble fibrosarcoma histologically