signs

Signs

Fall in level promotes tetanus

Chvostek sign

- tapping masseter muscle induces spasm

Trousseau Sign

-  flexion of thumb & wrist with extension of fingers

Carpopedal Spasm

ECG

Prolonged QT interval on ECG

Causes

1. Vit D Deficiency

Definition

Rockerbottom foot / Persian Slipper Foot

Epidemiology

Uncommon

50% bilateral

Doesn't delay walking

- may present in toddler with callus under talus head

Associations

Congenital anomalies

- CNS disorders

- spina bifida & diastematomyelia ~10%

- arthrogryposis

- neurofibromatosis 

Definition

Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome

CRPS 1

Sympathetically mediated pain syndrome

- excessive or exaggerated response of extremity to injury, surgery or disease

Manifested by

- intense or unduly prolonged pain

- vasomotor disturbances

- trophic changes

- delayed functional recovery

CRPS 2

Incidence

Knee > Hip

- superficial position

- limited cover of well vascularised muscle 

- watershed area of skin blood supply anterior to the skin incision 

- much increased in fully constrained prosthesis 

Ideal < 1%

Risk Factors

Increased with

- revision

- prior infection

- RA / Psoriatic arthropathy

- DM

Definition

Fracture which extends between the trochanters of the proximal femur

- lower limit is inferior border of lesser tuberosity

Anatomy

Extra capsular / well vascularized

The key to stability is the posteromedial cortex

Definition

Metatarsus varus

- adduction of the forefoot at the TMTJ

Intrauterine positional deformity / packaging defect

Epidemiology

1:1000

- M = F 

- bilateral in 50%

- 10% have CDH

Aetiology

Unclear

Theories

- intrauterine positioning defect

- prone nursing

Definition

Different entity to thoracic Scheuermann's

- end plate abnormal but no kyphosis or wedging

Natural History

Self - limiting condition

Epidemiology

Young athlete / labourer

Symptoms

Adolescent who presents with low grade levels of low back pain

- more pain than thoracic

Signs