definition

Definition

Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle

- intra-articular

- often only attachment is posterior capsule

Epidemiology

Rare

Mechanism

Usually a severe valgus trauma

Xray

Definition

Insufficiency fracture

- secondary to exceeding fatigue threshold

- usually of second or third MT shaft

Epidemiology

Onset of new and very intense / strenuous physical activity

- i.e. new army recruits / dancers

Women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Association

Cavus feet

History

Definition

Rockerbottom foot / Persian Slipper Foot

Epidemiology

Uncommon

50% bilateral

Doesn't delay walking

- may present in toddler with callus under talus head

Associations

Congenital anomalies

- CNS disorders

- spina bifida & diastematomyelia ~10%

- arthrogryposis

- neurofibromatosis 

Definition

Fracture distal to articular surface & proximal to intertrochanteric region

Epidemiology

On average 4 years younger than intertrochanteric fracture

One year mortality as high as 36%

Only 1/3 will return to pre-fracture living environment

Definition

Medial epicondyle physeal injury

Aetiology

Overthrowing / valgus overload

Pitching

Pathology

Medial epicondylar epicondylitis / apophysitis

- traction / fragmentation

Medial epicondylar separation

UCL injury

Capitellum osteochondritis dissecans