growth modulation

Normal development

1 year:  Bow legs / 15° varus

2 year:  Neutral 

3 year:  Knock knees / 10° valgus

6 year:  Physiological valgus / 6° valgus

Epidemiology

More common in girls

High incidence of positive family history (75%)

Can be associated with mild CP

Pathology

Congruent joint

- 50% compared with 9% in adult HV

Metatarsus primus varus