levels

Spina bifida

1. Spinal dysraphism

Failure of the neural tube to close (i.e. spina bifida + failure of neural tube development)

May see one of 5 telltale skin defects

- tail

- skin dimpling

- sacral pit

- hair tuft

- lipoma

Myelodysplasia: Any developmental defect of the spinal cord

2. Spina Bifida Cystica

- DM > 10 years

- chronic hyperglycaemia

- impaired vision or joint mobility

- lack education

- increasing age

- previous amputation

- blood flow

- soft tissue envelope

- deformities / Charcot collapse

- sensation

- contractures - Achilles tendon, knee, toe