congenital

Definition

A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot 

- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing

- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination

Aetiology

Definition

Lateral curvature of the spine 2° to vertebral anomaly

- causes an imbalance in longitudinal spine growth

Epidemiology

True incidence unknown

F > M

Typically Thoracic

Inheritance

No association in twins / suggests not inherited

5% risk in family if complex multi-level

Aetiology

Definition

Acquired Adult Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD)

- collapse of medial longitudinal arch

- secondary to ligament / tendon / joint or bony pathology

Classification

1. Congenital

Flexible / Physiological

Ligamentous Laxity (DIAL HOME)

Rigid 

- Congenital Vertical Talus 

- Tarsal Coalition

Definition

Reduction of space available for neural elements in spinal canal or intervertebral foramina

- due to degenerative changes, congenital abnormalities or both

- involves compression of the thecal sac or nerve roots

Epidemiology

Onset 50 - 60's

- M = F

- associated with onset OA spine