Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Results from excessive activation of either extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway
- multiple small clots
- consumptive coagulopathy
1. Excessive Extrinsic Activation
Secondary to extensive cellular destruction
- thromboplastins +++ released into circulation
Varus / extension / external rotation
Intertrochanteric
Base of Neck
Subcapital
Valgus / flexion / internal rotation
Technique
- biplanar
- valgising / flexion / internal rotation
Displacement of proximal femoral epiphysis in the immature hip
- due to imbalance of mechanical and endocrine factors
Age Peak Incidence : M 12-14; F 11-13; Slight downward trend due to earlier maturation of children
L hip > R
10 / 100 000
No endocrine abnormality
- 20% at time of of diagnosis
- another 20% during diagnosis
- up to 60% with long term follow up
Most common tumour of hand
F > M
2nd - 4th decade
Unknown
Trauma
Mucoid degeneration of collagen tissue
Synovial herniation
Symptoms & signs due to compression of brachial plexus & /or subclavian vessels at root of neck
80% 30-50 years
F:M = 2:1
Uncommon
Thoracic Outlet forms communication at root of neck
- for passage of nerves and vessels from mediastinum to axilla
Rare
- 2% of acute dislocations
Often missed
- < 1/ 52 25%
- < 6/52 25%
- < 6/12 25%
- > 6/12 25%
Radial head subluxation
Average 2 - 3 years
- rare > 7
- annular ligament has better attachment after 5
- common, but exact incidence unknown
Axial traction with extended elbow
- annular ligament subluxes off radial head
- more common with ligament laxity
Transient synovitis of unknown aetiology with complete resolution
Most common cause of hip pain
- 1 /1000
May occur in 3% of children with majority not seeking medical attention
Wide range of age
- from 9 / 12 to teenagers
- usually 3 - 8 years
- peak 6 years / same as Perthes
More common in
- boys 2:1
- caucasian
STS composed of malignant lipoblasts
Common
- 10% of STS
- second only to MFH
Occurs almost exclusively in adults
Males age 40-60
Can be multiple origin -> examine patient
Rarely arise from lipoma
