Deltoid ligament injury
Etiology
Ankle sprain
- eversion / External rotation
Ankle fractures
xray
Background
Epidemiology
Much less common than hip and knee OA
Patients tend to be younger
Enchondroma
Definition
Benign intramedullary cartilage lesion
Etiology
Periosteal Osteosarcoma
Definition
Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones
Epidemiology
Extremely rare
- 1% of all osteosarcomas
- 25% of surface osteosarcomas
Age 15-25
Location
Typically anterior proximal tibia
- diaphysis of major long bones
- humerus
Pathology
Ossification posterior longitunal ligament (OPLL)
Definition
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)
Heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Epidemiology
2:1 Male:Female
More common in Japanese and East Asian populations
Clay-shovelers
Clay-shoveler's
Definition
Spinous process avulsion
- typically C7
- can be seen in thoracic spine
Mechanism
Spinous process avulsion secondary to ligamentum nuchae