xray

Definition

Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle

- intra-articular

- often only attachment is posterior capsule

Epidemiology

Rare

Mechanism

Usually a severe valgus trauma

Xray

Definition

Insufficiency fracture

- secondary to exceeding fatigue threshold

- usually of second or third MT shaft

Epidemiology

Onset of new and very intense / strenuous physical activity

- i.e. new army recruits / dancers

Women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Association

Cavus feet

History

Pathology

Children < 6

- entire distal humerus physis is displaced

Xray

Distal physis not ossified < 1 year

- may be a difficult diagnosis

Epidemiology

Uncommon

< 1% Primary bone tumour

Young boys

- second decade

Location

Similar to OO

Spine 30%

- especially posterior elements

Long bones 35%

Clinical

Back or limb pain

- pain less severe than OO

Definition

Adult form

- 45 year old females

- more severe than Kohler's

Symptoms

Intense pain +/- oedema & inflammation

- often pronounced limp

- marked flat foot with prominant navicular

Radiology

Navicular narrowed

- lateral part dense, sclerotic & thin

- occasional fracture line

Definition

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus

Congenital abnormality of the foot characterised by 

- hindfoot equinus & varus 

- forefoot Adduction

- midfoot Supination

Latin: talus - ankle / pes - foot / equinus - horse like

Clinical

Foot

- pipe stem calf

- short wide foot

- small heel

- curved lateral border

Definition

Fracture distal to articular surface & proximal to intertrochanteric region

Epidemiology

On average 4 years younger than intertrochanteric fracture

One year mortality as high as 36%

Only 1/3 will return to pre-fracture living environment

Definition

Bilateral Pars Fracture C2

- traumatic axis spondylolisthesis

NHx

Neurological injury uncommon

- fragments separate and decompress

Different to judicial hanging where spinal cord is severed

Xray

Epidemiology

Rare

- unilateral

- bilateral

Mechanism

Compression

Lateral Compression

Rotation

Clinical

Skull base pain

Cock Robin

Cranial nerve injury

Classification Anderson & Montesano

Type I

Impaction of a condyle 

Definition

Facet joint dislocations secondary flexion distraction injury

Epidemiology

10%

Stages

1. Unifacet subluxation - interspinous process widening

2. Unifacet dislocation - 25% anterolisthesis

3. Bifacet dislocation - 50% anterolisthesis

4. Complete vertebral translation - 100% anterolisthesis

Unilateral Facet Joint Dislocation