background

Background

Definition

 

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus

 

Congenital abnormality of the foot characterised by 

- hindfoot equinus & varus 

- forefoot Adduction

- midfoot Supination

 

Latin: talus - ankle / pes - foot / equinus - horse like

 

Clinical

 

Foot

- pipe stem calf

- short wide foot

- small heel

- curved lateral border

Background

Issues

 

Host

Wound

Operating room environment

Antibiotics

Operative technique

Post operative

 

Host

 

Immunocompromised

RA (0.9 v 2.2%)

Psoriasis

DM (6%)

Poor nutrition

Obesity

UTI

Prednisone

Previous operation

Previous infection

Age

Background

Aim of Coagulation

 

To produce sufficient thrombin to rapidly convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble mass of fibrin

 

Coagulation cascade must be localised & limited to site of tissue injury

 

Three phases

 

1.  Immediate Control of Blood Loss

 

Vascular Phase

- damage to blood vessel triggers reflex vasoconstriction

 

Platelet phase

Background

Definition Dupuytrens

 

Palmar Fibromatosis 

 

Aetiology

 

AD with variable penetration

 

Pathogenesis

 

Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis

 

1. Microvascular ischaemia

 

Background

Definition

 

Accumulation of calcium salts in the soft tissues

- Dystrophic or Metastatic

 

Different from bone formation

- calcification is typically amorphous calcium crystals

- ossification has bone organic matrix (Osteoid) & cells

 

Types

 

Dystrophic

Metastatic

 

Dystrophic

 

Background

Definition

 

A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot 

- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing

- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination

 

Foot CavusFoot Cavovarus

 

Aetiology

 

Background

Aetiology

 

Intrinsic

- inflammatory

- degenerative

 

Extrinsic

- traumatic

- spur

 

Epidemiology

 

F > 40

 

Associations 60% of cases  

- hypertension

- diabetes

- obese

- trauma 

- prior surgery

- steroids

 

Background

DefinitionHallux Valgus Severe

 

Bunion

- medial prominence of head of 1st MT

 

Hallux Valgus

- medial deviation 1st MT

- lateral deviation of great toe

 

Anatomy

 

Metatarsal head

- has 2 grooves separating ridge (cristae)