Accumulation of calcium salts in the soft tissues
- Dystrophic or Metastatic
Different from bone formation
- calcification is typically amorphous calcium crystals
- ossification has bone organic matrix (Osteoid) & cells
Dystrophic
Metastatic
A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot
- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing
- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination
Intrinsic
- inflammatory
- degenerative
Extrinsic
- traumatic
- spur
F > 40
Associations 60% of cases
- hypertension
- diabetes
- obese
- trauma
- prior surgery
- steroids
Bunion
- medial prominence of head of 1st MT
Hallux Valgus
- medial deviation 1st MT
- lateral deviation of great toe
Metatarsal head
- has 2 grooves separating ridge (cristae)
Pelvis is a true ring
- any anterior fracture must have a posterior injury as well
- integrity of the posterior sacroiliac complex is key
2 innominate bones + sacrum
Symphysis pubis < 5mm
SI joint 2-4 mm
Size
2 x as strong as ACL
About the same length as ACL 38 mm
Cross sectional area 150% of ACL
13 mm diameter (thicker)
2 Bundles
1. Anterolateral
- most important
- double the size of the posteromedial
- tight in flexion
- try to reconstruct this bundle
Non-traumatic or traumatic condition of femoral head with bone death
20 - 50 yo (average 38)
- M: F 4:1
70-80% with AVN will progress within 1 year
Full thickness tear (FTT)
- variable amount retraction from insertion
Partial thickness tear (PTT)
- incomplete
- bursal or articular sided
Osteochondritis Dissecans
- separation of avascular fragment of bone & cartilage
M : F = 2:1
Mean age 18 years
- can present as young as 9
4:1000