Groin pain in athletes
- secondary to tear in external oblique fascia
Sports with aggressive adduction
- hockey / soccer
Tears in external oblique fascia
- tend to be central
- around spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
- pain may be from nerve entrapment
Adductor Longus Tear
Radius rotates externally in relation to the ulna
- posterior displacement of the radial head relative to the capitellum
- in flexion
A fixed equinus deformity of the forefoot in relation to the hindfoot
- resulting in an abnormally high arch that fails to flatten with weight bearing
- deformity may be forefoot, hindfoot or combination
Osseous canal between talus and calcaneum
- interosseous talo-calcaneal ligament
- cervical ligament
- joint capsule
- nerve endings / arterial anastomoses
Flat foot / overpronation
Inversion / sprain
Bunion
- medial prominence of head of 1st MT
Hallux Valgus
- medial deviation 1st MT
- lateral deviation of great toe
Metatarsal head
- has 2 grooves separating ridge (cristae)
ITB rubbing on LFC
- long distance runners (slow running more at risk than fast)
- cyclists (seat too high, improper technique)
ITB becomes tight, especially posterior portion
Develop inflammed tissue under ITB
- synovium
- bursa
Overuse
- sudden increase in distance
- hill running
- genu varum
- improper shoe wear
Primary malignancy arising from remnants of the notochord
Rare malignant tumour
Middle-aged adults (50-70)
M>F
In midline in axial skeleton
Base of skull 35%
Vertebrae 15%
- especially cervical
Sacrum 50%
Chondroid Metaplasia of synovium affecting large joints
Nodules of hyaline cartilage
- formed in the subsynovial layer of joint capsules
Rare lesion
Most common in 20's and 30's
Sex: M > F (2:1)
Monoarticular
Virchow's Triad
1. Venous stasis
2. Hypercoagulability
3. Endothelial damage
Starts as platelet nidus at valves
- thrombogenic materials elaborated by platelets
- leads to development of fibrin thrombus
- thrombus grows
Thrombus may
- detach as embolus
- be completely dissolved / recanalise
- organise with valve incompetence
Self limiting syndrome of unknown aetiology
- hip pain associated with osteoporosis of proximal femur
AVN
- AVN of the hip in pregnancy is rare but possible
- TOH tends to be diffuse on MRI, while AVN is localised
- extends to neck and metaphysis
- transient osteoporosis has normal bone scan
Rare
- M: F 3:1