Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones
Extremely rare
- 1% of all osteosarcomas
- 25% of surface osteosarcomas
Age 15-25
Typically anterior proximal tibia
- diaphysis of major long bones
- humerus
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)
Heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
2:1 Male:Female
More common in Japanese and East Asian populations
Superior articular process fracture
- potentially unstable
Inferior articular process fracture
- thought to be more stable
Injury to ulnar collateral ligament of thumb MCPJ
Interferes with pinch grip and grasp and thumb is ineffective as a post
Athletes with increase activity / distance
Women with eating disorders / amenorrhea
Compression / inferior neck
- < 50% protective weight bear
- > 50% emergent ORIF
Tension side / superior neck
- emergent ORIF
Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle
- intra-articular
- often only attachment is posterior capsule
Rare
Usually a severe valgus trauma
Bilateral Pars Fracture C2
- traumatic axis spondylolisthesis
Neurological injury uncommon
- fragments separate and decompress
Different to judicial hanging where spinal cord is severed
Rare
- unilateral
- bilateral
Compression
Lateral Compression
Rotation
Skull base pain
Cock Robin
Cranial nerve injury
Type I
Impaction of a condyle
Facet joint dislocations secondary flexion distraction injury
10%
1. Unifacet subluxation - interspinous process widening
2. Unifacet dislocation - 25% anterolisthesis
3. Bifacet dislocation - 50% anterolisthesis
4. Complete vertebral translation - 100% anterolisthesis