A chronic systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown cause
1% of population
M:F = 1:3
Peak onset 40 years
Most common inflammatory arthropathy
Autoimmune
- trigger not identified
- cell mediated immune response
Definition
Caseating granulomatous mycobacterium infection
Great fall in incidence in West
- 1900 80% infected < 20
- 1990 5% infected secondary to immigrants
Found in
- asian immigrants
- aboriginal
- transplant patients 300 x Normal
Clostridial Myonecrosis
- necrotizing, gas producing infection of skeletal muscle 2° Clostridia
- life threatening & rapidly progressive
There are 3 types of bacterial gas-forming infections
1. Classical clostridial gas gangrene
- rapid onset of sepsis / couple of days
- muscle nearly always involved
- critically ill immediately following an open injury
Definition
Infection of bone 2° blood-borne bacteria
Most common children
- peak 10 years
True haematogenous OM rare in adults
- usually involves spine
M: F 2:1
Most common femur & tibia
Dystrophic or Metastatic
1. Metastatic
- hypercalcaemia / hyperphosphatemia
2. Dystrophic
- more common
- onto damaged connective tissue
- tendon / ligament / cartilage
- calcific tendonitis shoulder
- Pellegrini-Steida lesion MCL
Deposited around chondrocytes & into avascular portion of CT
No accepted definition
Chronic joint disorder in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage
- accompanied by new growth of cartilage and bone at the joint margins
- these changes secondary to mechanical failure of hyaline cartilage
Essentially no inflammatory component
Primary
Idiopathic
More common in girls
High incidence of positive family history (75%)
Can be associated with mild CP
Congruent joint
- 50% compared with 9% in adult HV
Metatarsus primus varus
Pure Cavus Deformity characterised by
- dorsiflexion of Calcaneus
- plantarflexion of Forefoot
Weakness of Tendoachilles
Usually neuromuscular
- Polio (Most common worldwide)
- Spina bifida
- CP (can be due to overcorrection of T Ach)
- Spinocerebellar Degen (Friedreich's Ataxia)
Human papilloma virus
Occur in any part of sole
Do not project above level of skin
- because of pressure of weight bearing
- seldom more than 1cm in diameter
- skin surrounding wart thickened and raised
- edge clearly demarcated from surrounding skin
Severe localised pain on walking
Local tenderness on pressure
Pus collection in the epidural space
Usually haemotogenous seeding
Very rare
- 37 / 1 000 000 patients with LBP
- 1 /10 000 admissions
- most common in old men
Average age 68 years
3/4 males
Rare in paediatrics