Inflammation of achilles tendon; insertional or noninsertional
Tendonitis / Tendonosis / Rupture
Triceps surae
- medial and lateral gastrocnemius
- soleus
- surrounded by paratenon which allows gliding and supplies nutrition
Inserts middle 1/3 calcaneal tuberosity
- 2 x 2 cm area
- 90o rotation distally
Retrocalcaneal bursa (x2)
Pain at attachment of thickened central part of plantar aponeurosis to Medial Calcaneal Tuberosity
Origin
- medial calcaneal tuberosity
Inserts
- 5 bands superfical & deep layers
Superficial
- insert transverse MT ligament & skin
Deep
- flexor sheath, volar plate & periosteum of P1
Acquired Adult Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD)
- collapse of medial longitudinal arch
- secondary to ligament / tendon / joint or bony pathology
Flexible / Physiological
Ligamentous Laxity (DIAL HOME)
Rigid
- Congenital Vertical Talus
- Tarsal Coalition
Lateral compartment of leg
- run through retromalleolar groove
- pass superior and inferior to peroneal tubercle
- covered by inferior peroneal retinaculum
Peroneus longus
- origin lateral condyle of tibia and head fibula
- tendon PL superficial and inferior to brevis in retromalleolar groove
- runs in cuboid groove
- insert plantar surface base of 1st MT and lateral aspect medial cuneiform
Anterior displacement of peroneal tendons out of peroneal groove
Most common in young adults
Acute injury often missed
Congenital
3 % neonates
- resolves spontaneously
Traumatic
Occurs following sporting activities
Entrapment neuropathy of posterior tibial nerve within the tibial tunnel
Flexor Retinaculum
- medial malleolus to posterior calcaneum
Tarsal tunnel
- roof is flexor retinaculum
- tibia anteriorly
Crushing osteochondritis of metatarsal head
Usually 2nd metatarsal (80%)
- occasionally third
- can occur in any
Age 10-15 years
- peak 15 year old girls
- F:M = 3:1
- occurs during the growth spurt at puberty
Bilateral in 6%
Neuropathic Arthropathy
Progressive destructive arthropathy 2° to neurological condition
- usually minimal to no trauma
Spondylolithesis caused by
- facet joint degeneration
- no pars or dysplastic pathology
- disc space usually preserved
Most common at L4/5 level
More common in elderly females
- F: M = 5:1
Diabetics
Lateral deviation of the spine that develops after the age of 50
- minimal structural vertebral deformity
Lower lumbar
- convex left
Unknown