Partial or complete rupture of one or parts of lateral ligaments of ankle
- common ankle sprain
Lateral ligaments sprains are the most common ligamentous injuries of the human body
- account for approximately 15% of all athletic injuries
- it is estimated that there is one ankle inversion injury per day per 10,000 people
Most common young males
- average age 27
Painful restriction of dorsiflexion of the great toe
- secondary to degenerative changes in MTPJ
- initially pain and synovitis
- osteophytes don't form medially or on plantar aspect
Two peaks
1. Adolescence F > M
2. Middle Age M > F
Often Idiopathic
Trauma
Gastrocnemius tendon 10-25 cm long
- soleus 3-10 cm
- inserts superior calcaneal tuberosity
- fibres spiral 90°
- fibres that lie medially in proximal portion become posterior distally
- allows elastic recoil & energy storage
Plantaris present in 90% population
- medial to T Achilles
Poor blood supply midportion
- mesotenal vessels
Pain at attachment of thickened central part of plantar aponeurosis to Medial Calcaneal Tuberosity
Origin
- medial calcaneal tuberosity
Inserts
- 5 bands superfical & deep layers
Superficial
- insert transverse MT ligament & skin
Deep
- flexor sheath, volar plate & periosteum of P1
Entrapment neuropathy of posterior tibial nerve within the tibial tunnel
Flexor Retinaculum
- medial malleolus to posterior calcaneum
Tarsal tunnel
- roof is flexor retinaculum
- tibia anteriorly
Crushing osteochondritis of metatarsal head
Usually 2nd metatarsal (80%)
- occasionally third
- can occur in any
Age 10-15 years
- peak 15 year old girls
- F:M = 3:1
- occurs during the growth spurt at puberty
Bilateral in 6%
Neuropathic Arthropathy
Progressive destructive arthropathy 2° to neurological condition
- usually minimal to no trauma